Country of Origin: Spain
Size: X-Large 55-90 lb
LifeSpan: 10 to 12 Years
Trainability: Moderate Effort Required
Energy Level: Medium Energy
Grooming: Rarely
Protective Ability: Very Protective
Hypoallergenic Breed: No
Space Requirements: House with Yard
Compatibility With Other Pets: Generally Good With Other Dogs. Indifferent To Other Pets. Not Recommended For Homes With Small Animals
Litter Size: 4-8 Puppies
Names: Spanish Alano, Spanish Bulldog, Alano
HEIGHT/WEIGHT
Males: 85-99 lbs, 23 1/2-25 1/2 inches
Females: 72-84 lbs, 22-24 inches
HISTORY:
The terms Alano Espanol and Spanish Bulldog (Perro de Toro) are often used interchangeably, but there are some differences in their appearance, particularly the Spanish Bulldog being the “bullier” or more stocky version of the breed. This is comparable to the distinction between the Johnson and Scott types of American Bulldogs, where the Johnson-type is larger, broader, and more muscular, while the Scott-type is leaner and more athletic.
The Johnson-type (bully-type) American Bulldog, when compared to the Scott-type, is a larger, wider, and more squarely built dog with thicker bones. It typically features a shorter muzzle, large flews, facial wrinkles, and an undershot jaw, giving it a Bullmastiff-like appearance. Despite its bulkier frame, the Johnson-type is still an athletic, muscular, and tightly built dog. In contrast, the Scott-type is lighter in weight, slightly longer, and leaner in its appearance, with front legs that are positioned under the body rather than thrown out to the sides. The Scott-type is not as heavily muscled as the Johnson-type, appearing more streamlined and agile.
While some people have a preference for one type over the other, there are breeders who interbreed the two types of Alano Espanol (the leaner type and the bully-type, or Spanish Bulldog), considering them to be part of the same breed. In Spain, the bully-type (Spanish Bulldog, or Perro de Toro) is generally preferred, and many people consider it distinct from the more athletic Alano Espanol. However, for the purposes of this discussion or article, they are often considered the same breed, which aligns with the general consensus within the international community. This approach acknowledges the variations in appearance and preferences but recognizes them as part of the same overall breed.
Some historians believe the Alano Espanol is closely related to the French Mastiff (Dogue de Bordeaux) due to similarities in appearance and characteristics. However, these similarities are largely due to their shared ancestry with the ancient Molossers of Central Europe, which were used as large guard dogs, hunters, and fighters.
The confusion likely stems from the historical name Dogo de Burgos, which referred to the Alano Espanol in the past. This name came from the city of Burgos in northern Spain, not from Bordeaux in France, despite the similar-sounding names. The name “Dogo de Burgos” would have contributed to the mistaken belief that the breed had a direct connection to the Dogue de Bordeaux.
While both breeds may share some genetic history, the Alano Espanol is generally considered a distinct breed with roots in Spain, whereas the Dogue de Bordeaux is a separate breed from France.
The Alano Espanol is indeed an ancient Molosser breed, believed to be a direct descendant of the Alant, a type of large, powerful dog used by ancient civilizations. The Alano Espanol shares its lineage with other breeds such as the Ca de Bou (Presa Mallorquin) and Presa Canario, which also have Molosser roots and were developed for similar purposes like herding, guarding, and hunting.
The name Alano Espanol is thought to derive from the Alans, a nomadic group of people who are credited with bringing the ancestors of these dogs into the Iberian Peninsula. The name “Alano” is derived from the Alans, referred to as Alanoi in Greek and Alani in Latin. Most historians believe the Alans played a significant role in the initial introduction and development of the breed, which explains why the Alano Espanol is often associated with their name.
The Alans (also referred to as Alani, and occasionally as Alauni or Halani) were a group of Sarmatian tribes and nomadic pastoralists who lived in the 1st millennium AD. They originally inhabited a vast territory extending from the Caucasus to the Danube. The Alans were skilled horsemen and warriors, and they played a significant role in the history of the Eurasian steppes.
Over time, the Alans were gradually pushed westward by the Huns during the 4th and 5th centuries AD. This westward migration brought them into contact with various regions of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula, where they are believed to have introduced and developed breeds like the Alano Espanol.
The Alans’ movement and interaction with different peoples, including the Romans and other tribes, greatly influenced the history and genetics of the regions they passed through, leaving a lasting legacy, including in the development of certain dog breeds.
The Alans did indeed settle in various parts of Europe, including the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe, and made significant contributions to the historical and cultural development of the continent, particularly during the period of migrations. Their role in the history of Europe has often been overlooked in traditional narratives.
As Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff, a leading authority on ancient Greek, Iranian, and Roman history, noted in his work Iranians and Greeks in South Russia (1922), the influence of the Sarmatians and especially the Alans in the conquest and reshaping of Europe is frequently underrepresented. Rostovtzeff pointed out that the Alans had a lasting presence in Gaul, invaded Italy, and joined the Vandals in their conquest of Spain and North Africa. Their migration and military activities had a significant impact on the course of European history during the Late Antiquity.
The Alans’ contributions were instrumental in various military campaigns and the shaping of political and cultural landscapes across Europe. Their movements, alliances, and eventual settlement in regions like Gaul and Spain were crucial in the formation of medieval European societies.
The Alans were indeed accompanied by a famous breed of medieval hunting dog known as the Alan (Latin Alanus). These dogs were highly regarded for their strength, courage, and versatility in hunting and military activities. The Alans used these dogs not only for hunting large game but also in their military campaigns, where the dogs likely played a role in guarding and assisting in battle.
As Jesse, G.R., a 19th-century authority on the history of canine breeds, noted in his work Researches into the History of the British Dogs (1886), the Alans originated from the Caucasus region, and their hunting dogs accompanied them during their migrations and conquests. The Alans were described as fierce, fair-haired, and warlike, and their dogs were integral to their way of life.
The Alan dog is believed to be an ancestor of several modern Molossers and working dog breeds, including the Alano Espanol, and it shares a common lineage with other large, powerful breeds used for guarding, hunting, and protection. This breed’s association with the Alans emphasizes the role these dogs played in the history and legacy of the Alani people.
The Alans were known for their mastery of steppe warfare, a form of military strategy that emphasized cavalry, deception, and long-range maneuvers. Their deep knowledge of horsemanship and military tactics played a significant role in their conquests across Europe, and their use of horses and cavalry was critical in shaping both their warfare and hunting practices.
One important aspect of the Alans’ influence on Western Europe was their introduction of horseback hunting techniques, using hunting dogs to aid in the pursuit of game. This knowledge and skill in hunting from horseback was transferred to the Western Europeans, including those in Iberia (present-day Portugal, Spain, Andorra, and parts of France), where the Alano dogs were used for both hunting and fighting.
The breed of dog that became known as the Alano (later referred to as the Alano Espanol) in these regions was renowned for its strength, bravery, and effectiveness in these roles. Additionally, as a symbol of the breed’s importance in the region, the coat of arms for the town of Alano in Spain prominently features two Alan dogs, which can still be seen today as a testament to the lasting legacy of the Alans and their dogs in Spanish culture and history.
It is believed that the Normans were likely responsible for introducing the early Alano dogs (or similar types of Molossers) into England, particularly after the Norman Conquest of 1066. These dogs were highly prized for their strength and abilities in both hunting and guarding, and they were likely brought to England as part of the Norman military and noble culture.
Regarding the Laws of Canute, which were enacted in 1016 during the reign of King Canute (also known as Cnut the Great), there is no direct mention of the Alano breed specifically. However, the Laws of Canute were a series of forest laws that regulated hunting and the ownership of dogs capable of pursuing deer. These laws specified that anything within the forest belonged to the nobility, including the trees and the game, and they placed strict restrictions on commoners’ ability to hunt.
Gaston Phoebus (1331–1391), the 11th Count of Foix, who ruled the independent County of Foix in what is now southern France, was a significant figure in medieval hunting culture. In his famous work “The Book of Hunting Dogs” (Le Livre de la Chasse), Gaston Phoebus described various breeds of hunting dogs, and among the most important were the Alan Gentil, Alan Viature, and Alan Boucherie.
Phoebus praised the Alan Gentil for its impressive strength and stature, stating that it could do more harm than any other breed. He also described the Alans as having a somewhat prickly and nasty temperament, but also noted that they were among the most energetic and intense dogs in the hunting world, often described as giddier or madder than other types of hounds.
Also in his writings the Alans are clearly described as being a distinct breed apart from the Mastiff.
he “Book of the Hunt of Alfonso XI” (Libro de la Montería de Alfonso XI), written in 1347, is one of the earliest written records that mention the presence of the Alano Espanol in Spain. In this work, King Alfonso XI of Castile describes various hunting dogs, and in one chapter, he refers to the Alans as having “the most beautiful colors,” highlighting the breed’s distinctive and admired appearance.
Authors such as Gonzalo de Berceo, Miguel de Cervantes, Fernandez de Oviedo, Alonso Martinez del Espinar, Covarsí, and Cossio all describe the Alan in similar terms, emphasizing its physical characteristics and abilities. These descriptions typically highlight the “pug-nosed” appearance, long-bodied form, and well-boned structure of the breed. They also note the speed and strength of the dog, describing it as a “speedy attacker” capable of swift action when hunting or in battle.
The name “Alan” or “Alano” during this period was often used to describe various breeds similar to the Alaunt, though they came from different backgrounds. In an era where dogs were typically described by their function or region rather than a uniform set of physical characteristics, this broad usage of the term can make it difficult to distinguish whether historical references are referring to the now-extinct Alaunt or the Alano Espanol. In Spanish, the breed was also known as “chatos” (meaning “flat-faced”) due to its broad, short muzzle, and “perros de presa” (“dogs of prey”) for its role in hunting and cattle management. These descriptions highlight the breed’s strength, versatility, and distinct physical traits, yet the varied usage of the name “Alano” adds some complexity in tracing the breed’s exact identity in historical texts.
Although the name Alano has survived in Spain into the modern era, the Alano Espanol of today bears little resemblance to its ancient counterpart, which likely resembled a dog more akin to a Great Dane. The breed experienced a revival as a war dog in the 15th century, particularly during the Spanish Empire’s exploration, conquest, and settlement of the Western Hemisphere. Alanos or similar early “attack dogs” were carried aboard ships by conquistadors to help subjugate native populations in newly conquered territories. A historical example of such dogs in use can be found with Christopher Columbus, who, despite his portrayal in modern history, was a controversial figure often described as a liar, crook, and narcissistic tyrant, driven by greed and indifference to the suffering of indigenous peoples.
In August of 1492, with the support of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain aboard the ships Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria in search of a shorter route to Asia. In October of that year, the lookout aboard the Pinta, Rodrigo de Triana, spotted land and signaled the rest of the crew. The captain of the Pinta then alerted Columbus, who was aboard the Santa Maria, by firing a cannon. However, in keeping with Columbus’ deceitful and unscrupulous character, he later claimed that he himself had seen a light on the land several hours earlier. By doing so, Columbus deprived Rodrigo de Triana of the honor and the lifetime pension that had been promised by Ferdinand and Isabella to the first person to sight land, claiming it for himself instead. This act exemplifies the self-serving and dishonest nature often attributed to Columbus in historical accounts.
After making landfall in what is now the Commonwealth of The Bahamas in October of 1492, Christopher Columbus named the island “San Salvador”, marking the first recorded European contact with the New World. The indigenous people he encountered were likely the Lucayan, part of the Taíno or Arawak peoples, who were peaceful and friendly, as Columbus noted in his journals. He described them as a primitive people, with some having scars from being captured by people from nearby islands, indicating that they were occasionally subjected to slave raids. Columbus also remarked on their quick learning ability and believed they could easily be converted to Christianity, as they appeared to have no religion. He even mentioned taking six of them back to Spain to learn the language and serve as potential servants. Additionally, Columbus ordered his men to build a tower and fort, not because he thought it necessary to defend against the indigenous people (whom he described as unarmed and defenseless), but to ensure that they would obey through a combination of love and fear, showcasing his colonizing mindset. This passage reflects Columbus’ exploitation and dehumanization of the indigenous people, while also revealing his disregard for their autonomy and cultures.
After his first voyage in 1492, Columbus returned to Spain with captured indigenous slaves, parrots, gold, and other exotic items from the New World. These items created a stir in Spain and provided the tangible evidence Columbus needed to secure funding for future expeditions. Ferdinand II and Isabella I, impressed by the discovery and the potential for wealth from the newly found lands, agreed to support Columbus’ second voyage with seventeen ships, 1,500 men, cannons, crossbows, guns, cavalry, and even attack dogs. This second voyage, which began in 1493, marked the beginning of widespread colonization and the exploitation of the indigenous people. Columbus and his men carried out acts of unspeakable cruelty toward the natives, including enslavement, massacres, and the imposition of harsh colonial rule, leading to immense suffering and a dramatic decline in indigenous populations. This period marked the onset of European colonization in the Americas, characterized by violence, exploitation, and the decimation of native cultures.
The Native people were forced to pay a stipend that consisted of food, gold, cotton, and forced sex with native women to the Spanish. Columbus even supervised the selling of native girls into sexual slavery, casually noting in his journals that young girls of the ages 9 to 10 were the most desired by his men: “A hundred castellanoes are as easily obtained for a woman as for a farm, and it is very general and there are plenty of dealers who go about looking for girls; those from nine to ten are now in demand.” –Columbus
The Spanish under Columbus imposed brutal punishment on the indigenous populations who failed to comply with their demands or resisted colonial rule. Natives who did not contribute gold, food, or labor were subjected to severe mutilation, with noses, ears, hands, or feet being cut off. Those who attempted to escape slavery or resisted were often burned alive as a form of punishment and deterrence. Additionally, the Spanish used attack dogs to hunt down and capture natives, with the dogs being loosed on the captured individuals to tear off their limbs while they were still alive. This was a form of terror and sport for the Spanish. In some instances, when the Spanish ran short of food to feed the dogs, they killed Arawak babies to use as dog food. This horrific treatment exemplifies the extreme cruelty and dehumanization that the indigenous populations faced under Columbus and his men during the early stages of European colonization in the Americas. These actions led to significant loss of life and the near-extinction of entire indigenous communities.
Thousands of natives were captured and sent back to Europe as slaves, marking a tragic chapter in the colonial exploitation of indigenous peoples. The death toll from the brutal treatment, forced labor, and disease was so high that it had a profound impact on the indigenous populations. Peter Martyr d’Anghiera, a Spanish historian, later wrote in one of his works: “…a ship without compass, chart, or guide, but only following the trail of dead Indians who had been thrown from the ships could find its way from the Bahamas to Hispaniola.” This passage underscores the devastation and suffering inflicted upon the native peoples, whose bodies marked the journey of Spanish ships, further illustrating the atrocities carried out under Columbus’ rule and the lasting impact of European colonization on the indigenous populations of the Americas.
Bartolomé de las Casas, a Spanish historian, missionary, and a contemporary of Christopher Columbus, documented many of the atrocities committed by the Spanish during their colonization of the Americas. In his multivolume work, “History of the Indies”, de las Casas provides firsthand accounts of the horrific treatment of the indigenous people. He describes how Columbus and his men, in response to an alleged rebellion, massacred 3,000 natives in a single day. De las Casas recounts the use of attack dogs as part of the Spanish arsenal for subjugating the natives: “…this was 20 hunting dogs, who were turned loose and immediately tore the Indians apart.” He also states that he witnessed inhumanities and barbarisms that were beyond comparison to any other age, describing the cruelty as acts so foreign to human nature that it made him tremble to recount them: “Such inhumanities and barbarisms were committed in my sight as no age can parallel… My eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature that now I tremble as I write.” His testimony serves as a stark reminder of the brutality and violence that accompanied Spanish colonization and the role that attack dogs played in the subjugation and massacre of indigenous people.
De Las Casas was so mortified by these acts that he quit working for Columbus to become a Catholic priest.
In his biography of Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Columbus, the son of the explorer, provides a chilling account of the violence and brutality carried out by Columbus’s men during their conquests. He describes how soldiers mowed down natives with point-blank volleys, unleashed attack dogs to tear open their limbs and bellies, and pursued fleeing Indians into the bush, where they were skewered with swords and pikes. The passage also reflects the dehumanizing perspective of the time, with Ferdinand noting that the Spaniards believed their actions were justified and that they gained “a complete victory” with “God’s aid.” This account further underscores the atrocities committed during the early stages of European colonization in the Americas, where the violence inflicted upon the indigenous populations was often brutal and indiscriminate.
The barbaric acts of cruelty committed by Columbus’ were so unspeakable and so legendary that Governor Francisco De Bobadilla had Columbus and his two brothers arrested, slapped into chains, and shipped off to Spain for prosecution in relation their crimes against the Arawaks. However, upon arriving in Spain and after a brief six week stint in jail the King and Queen of Spain, their treasury having been filled with gold through his exploits, pardoned the trio, restored their wealth and let them go free.
It was not just Columbus that used the Alango Espanol for terrorizing Indians. The breed was used to fight by the conquistadors in Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Chile, where they played an important role in the Arauco War.
Francisco López de Gómara (1511 – 1566) a Spanish historian noted for describing the early 16th century expedition undertaken by Hernán Cortés in the Spanish conquest of the New World wrote a description of the early Alano dogs the Spaniards used: “Their dogs are enormous, they have waving flat ears, big hanging tongues, small yellow eyes sight of which freezes blood in veins. They are very strong and muscled, they aren’t still, they walk wheezing loudly with hanging tongues, their fur looks like jaguar”.
Francisco López de Gómara, a Spanish historian and chronicler of the time, provides an account of the conflict between Governor Vasco Núñez de Balboa and the indigenous Chief Chapie. According to Gómara, when Chief Chapie believed that his superior numbers would give him an advantage, he forced a confrontation with the Spaniards. However, in response, Balboa unleashed his attack dogs, which attacked the Indians without hesitation. This fearless assault by the dogs caused the indigenous forces to retreat into a fire line that had been strategically prepared by the Spanish. The resulting gunfire and flank attack led to devastating losses for the Indians, decimating their ranks. This example further highlights the role that attack dogs played in the military strategies of the Spanish, providing them with a powerful tool to subdue and terrorize indigenous populations during their conquests.
The Spanish Alano was commonly used in combination with Calvary to create a deadly and effective combination. The efficiency, fearlessness and appearance of the breed led the Indians to refer to the Alano as “the devil’s invention”. Indians running for their lives once the dogs were let loose became a rather common occurance during these times. Aside from their usage on the battlefield, Alanos were also used by the Spanish explorers as hunting dogs, helping to get food for the army.
Bercellino, an Alano owned by Spanish explorer Diego Salazar, gained significant fame for his bravery and effectiveness in combat. According to historical accounts, Bercellino’s deeds were so legendary that he was considered more valuable than a group of human soldiers, with a mere ten soldiers and the dog being feared more than a hundred without him. His service was honored as a soldier’s would be, receiving a portion of the booty and a salary. The dog became renowned for his natural wisdom, distinguishing between actual threats and harmless situations, only fighting mercilessly when necessary and never attacking enslaved Indians. Bercellino’s bravery was ultimately his downfall, as he was killed by arrows during a battle with the Indians.
After his death, Governor Balboa honored him by purchasing his son, Leoncillo, for five hundred golden coins. This made Leoncillo the first European dog to see the Pacific Ocean. Like his father, Leoncillo was recognized for his alertness and ability to face formidable threats, such as jaguars, and was described as either fearsome or tame, depending on the situation. Leoncillo’s service was so highly regarded that his pay exceeded that of a standard rifleman. He, too, met his demise from arrows in a battle with the Indians, following in the footsteps of his courageous father. The accounts of both dogs highlight their critical role in the Spanish conquests and demonstrate the reverence with which these canine companions were treated for their loyalty and effectiveness.
Amadis, another famous Spanish Alano was reported to be able to evade oncoming arrows and spears in order to attack and strike at the heart of enemy lines. Bruto the Alano of conquistador Hernando de Soto was said to have been so brave and strong that during a battle with the Indians it was only after being struck with 50 arrows that he died.
These early Alanos were revered for their ability to function under pressure, it was noted that situations that stressed the dogs valor would motivate them to perform better attacking their human opponents with such virulence as if they were hunting and attacking wild deer or boar.
During the years of Spanish conquest butcher shops throughout the Caribbean region sold Indian bodies as dog food. Other horrific uses of these early Spanish Alanos against natives included the practice of Monteria Infernal, the Infernal Chase or manhunt. Conquistadors would make sport of using their dogs to hunt natives and when captured the dogs were then set loose to feast upon their hapless prey. This practice became the favorite pastime of many conquistadors such as Hernando de Soto and was used extensively against the native inhabitants of the Canary Islands, the Guanches.
Yet another fun event to pass the time and provide entertainment was to place a naked native in a pit armed with a small stick to fight against a dog. The dogs most often killed the native by disemboweling them, although attacks to the jugular were also common, sometimes leading to decapitation. Thus the fear of being thrown to the dogs terrified the natives more than any other fate.
In the struggle against the natives, the Alanos when used as a weapon produced as much surprise and terror as the Spaniards firearms. This brings us to the well known axiom “History is written by the Victors”.
The 1700’s marked the introduction of bullfighting as a popular sport in Spain and the rise in popularity of the Alano Espanol as a bullfighting dog. The first venue to be constructed specifically for the purpose of bullfighting was the La Maestranza in Sevilla, Spain in 1765. The use of the Alango Espanol in the bull fighting ring was so exciting and pleased spectators so much that it quickly rose in popularity to become one the most popular events at these contests.
The success of the breed and their ferocity in the ring led to the Alango Espanol being immortalized by Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (1746 –1828, a Spanish romantic painter, printmaker and the court painter to the Spanish Crown. In Goya’s ‘Tauromaquia’; a series of 33 prints from 1815, he illustrates the complete range of bullfighting tactics and techniques in use at the time. The images of this series include scenes of bull baiting with Spanish Alano dogs.
The greatest bullfight treatise ever written and published in 1943; the “Los Toros” encyclopedia by José María Cossío notes the following: “Nothing more strongly arouses the suspicion as to the origin of bullfighting like the early use of the Alans dogs to hold and pay to the bulls.”
During the late part of the 19th century the Alano Espanol found itself becoming obsolete as its traditional roles were stripped from it by modernization. Hunters had abandoned the traditional ways of hunting that required this dog in favor of modern weapons and horses. Similarly the modernization of stockyards meant that sleeves and chutes were used to hold cattle which made the Alano Espanol equally obsolete for the purpose of handling cattle as well.
So after centuries of use as a war dog, hunting dog, cattle handling dog and bull baiting dog; the Alano Espanol found itself unemployed when bull baiting was finally banned in Spain in 1883. This was a time in history when dogs were primarily kept for the purpose that they served. Without work and without purpose it was no longer beneficial to keep the Alano Espanol and its numbers rapidly decreased. Lack of an established preservation society, crossbreeding and diminishing numbers over the next 80 years led to its erroneous declaration as an extinct breed by Spanish scientists in 1963.
In the late 1970’s or early 1980’s a group of fanciers and veterinary students led by Carlos Contera and his associates Luisa Arribasa and Luisa Centenera became interested in finding the long lost Alano Espanol. Together they founded and organization called the G.A.P.A.E. (Grupo de Amigos del Perro Alano Espanol) –“Group of Friends of the Spanish Alano Dog” in order to restore the breed. Armed with a historical description of the Alano from the 14th century and a picture of a female Alano Espanol named Cazalla from 1914 the group began surveying the country for any surviving specimens of this legendary Molosser breed.
The results of their survey concluded that Alanos were in fact not extinct; that a few Alanos had managed to survive in relatively pure form in the rural portions of Extremadura (Southwestern Spain) and that a relatively large population of about 300 Alanos existed in the Encartaciones Valley of Northern Spain. These two rural areas had changed little over the centuries and still utilized traditional hunting and cattle management methods that required the use of dogs.
DNA samples were taken from these two groups and analyzed by the University of Cordoba veterinary staff for purity. A breed standard was then drafted and enacted and the best specimens were then selected to become the foundation stock for restoring the breed.
The criterion for selecting breeding specimens was designed to produce dogs with homogeneity not just in appearance but in temperament as well. Dogs were evaluated on their appearance and in the way that they worked cattle; that they knew how to bite and hold cows in place and in a way that would not cause that animal harm; that the dogs would only apply the force necessary to restrain the cow and nothing more; that the animals would refrain from shaking which would cause injury to the cow and was unnecessarily exhausting for the dog when working with larger heavier animals; that the dog would release when asked; and finally how quickly the dog recuperated both physically and psychologically once told to release.
In 2004 The Alano Espanol was recognized by the Spanish Kennel club as an independent breed thanks to the efforts of dedicated breeders and the earlier DNA analysis conducted at the University of Cordoba. It is also recognized as an indigenous Spanish breed by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture.
The Alano Espanol of today is used for cattle handling and hunting only. The breed has become legendary for its bite, its obedience and its well balanced personality. The Spanish Alano is still a relatively rare breed with only a small number known to exist in Spain. Some have been exported to North America, where a few breeders are promoting it for its even temperament and hunting ability.
The Spanish Alano stud book currently has around 400 individuals dogs registered, and of those 250 are alive. This has led fanciers of the breed to push for international recognition of the breed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). The current stud book is slated to be handed over to the RSCE, which is the Spanish Delegation of the FCI. Once the RSCE has reviewed the record and any supporting documents for validity and completeness it will submit a request that recognition of the breed by FCI be voted upon.
APPEARANCE:
The Alano Espanol is a large, muscular, and athletic Molosser breed that moves with considerable ease and elegance for its size. Males should be 23 ½” – 25 ½” at the withers with weight of 85-99 lbs while females are slightly smaller at a height of 22 ” – 24” at the withers with a weight of 72-84 lbs. The Real Sociedad Canina de Espana (R.S.C.E), the Spanish delegate to the FCI, allows for a slight tolerance upwards in size but none for dogs that are smaller than the accepted standard. It is a thick boned dog with a sturdy skeleton and strong muscles. The overall build of this dog suits it well for its traditional use in the management of aggressive or semi aggressive cattle and the hunting and holding of big game such as wild boar.
The head of the Spanish Alano is large and well proportioned to its body with brachiocephalic traits common to many bulldog type breeds. The short well developed muzzle has a very pronounced frontal nasal depression. The planes of the skull and muzzle are slightly convergent, not parallel or divergent. When the circumference of the head around the cheekbones is measured it is more than twice the total length of the head. The skull, when viewed from the front is wide and slightly curved, width being equal to the length, with a well defined indentation of the median line down the center of the skull to the stop (pronounced cranial furrow). When viewed from the side there is a prominent arch that begins above the eyes and then flattens backward toward the occiput. Viewing the skull from the top it appears square due to the zygomatic arches (bony arches which is found under the eye orbit) and the powerful muscles covering them. The stop is well defined due to the well developed and slightly bulging frontal sinuses and prominent arch above the eyes.
The broad deep muzzle is very near square with width almost equal to its length, which comprises roughly one third the total length of the head. The depth the muzzle should be more than 50% of its length. The plane of the top and bottom muzzle are parallel, and the chin and nose form a perpendicular line. When viewing the dog from the front the anterior face should look flat and form a trapezoid, wider at the bottom of muzzle than at the top. The nose of the Alano Espanol is large with well-opened nostrils. Nose color should always be black. The nose should be an extension of the topline of the muzzle, not protruding beyond or receding behind its front plane.
The lips are firm and thick with the upper lips hanging slightly. When viewing the dog from the front the upper lips join together and form and inverted “U” under the nostrils. In the corners of the mouth the lips are parted in such as way as to allow and opening for the dog to breathe easier while holding with its jaws. The color of the lips should only be black. The powerful jaws are enclosed in a remarkably big and wide mouth that is well developed and blunt. A slightly undershot bite (no more than ¼ inch) and level is preferred. If the parameters of the head and muzzle are correct a scissor bit is also acceptable. The front incisors should be in a straight line.
The ears set well apart and high above the cheek bones nearer the rear of the skull. The ears may be cropped or uncropped. If the ears are cropped the shape is that of an equilateral triangle. If the ears are uncropped they should be of medium size, triangular in shape while lying close to the cheeks, and not extend below the jaw bone. The medium sized, almond shaped eyes may range in color from amber to black. The eye rims should be tight to the eye so that the third eyelid is minimally visible. The overall appearance of the head should be that of a very alert, intelligent, and attentive dog. When alerted some wrinkling of the forehead occurs.
The neck is slightly arched, flowing smoothly into the shoulders with a slight amount of dewlap. The overall length of the neck should be roughly one third of the dogs height at the withers. The chest is broad and well muscled with a clearly developed forechest. Ribs are long and well sprung. The shoulders are strong, muscular and well-proportioned to the size of the dog lying slightly back. The highest point of the shoulder blade rises slightly above the strong, wide, well muscled and level back. The legs are thick boned and strong but agile, leading to catlike feet with well arched toes.
The loin is well muscled and joins seamlessly with the back. The rump is generally quite round due to muscling. There should be a pronounced upward tuck of the belly commonly associated with that of running dogs. The tail should be an extension of the backline, thick at the base with not much in the way of tapering toward the tip. When relaxed the tail is carried low; if alerted the tail should be carried horizontal or slightly higher than the back, but not in the vertical position.
The short, stiff shiny coat lies close the body tending to be softer in texture on the head. The hair of the tail is slightly longer, more coarse and forms a shape similar to that of an ear of wheat. The acceptable colors for the breed are black, light to dark grey, red, brindle, and various shades of fawn. Dogs of a solid fawn color or red, may have a black or gray mask that should not extend beyond the eyes. White patches on the chest, throat, chin, backs of the pastern and toes are also acceptable. Any patterning that includes tan such as what would be seen in black and tan breeds is wholly unacceptable.
TEMPERAMENT:
The temperament of the Spanish Alano is remarkably well balanced and calm in spite of its long bloody history as a war dog. It is a breed typically described as very reliable, obedient, albeit strong willed. This is not a breed well suited for the first time dog owner as it can be quite domineering- seeking to establish itself as leader of the household. This can then further manifest itself in the form of aggressive behavior towards humans or what the dog views as subordinate pack members.
It is best suited for an experienced dog owner that can take charge, assume the role of pack leader and correctly apply firm and consistent correction as needed. Under this type of leadership, typically that of an Alpha type personality, the breed tends to be very well mannered, obedient and submissive. Socialization and consistent training from an early age is also imperative in creating a well balanced and obedient Spanish Alano, as due to their size and strength they do have the potential to seriously injure other people or pets.
A natural protector of the home, the Spanish Alano is loyal and dedicated to its master and its family. Unlike many other breeds that tend to form an attachment with a single person, this breed is affectionate and loyal to the whole family. It is also noted for being extremely patient and good with children. Although, like all large dogs children should not be left unsupervised around a Spanish Alano as teasing of the dog could cause it to react aggressively. Friendly and amiable to those that it knows, with strangers the Spanish Alano tends to err on the side of caution, using its natural intelligence to weigh and measure the situation while deciding upon its next course of action. In most cases the mere sight of this breed is more than enough to intimidate those that would be up to no good. If the stranger fails to heed the warning provided by its presence or acts aggressively toward the dog then this breed will act accordingly and attack without further warning.
The Alano Espanol is a protective breed but not excessively aggressive. It tends to act according to the situation, meaning it will defend its territory if necessary, such as attacking a burglar, but it is not likely to chase or attack random individuals unless provoked or instructed by its owner. This makes it an excellent guard dog, as it is protective without being unnecessarily aggressive. Additionally, this breed is not known for excessive barking, which means it may provide little warning to intruders. Therefore, it is advised that owners ensure they have a securely locked fence to prevent unsupervised entry into the dog’s territory when the owner is not present.
The attack of an Alano Espanol is a unique and serious event that could very well lead to the death of the individual or animal it is directed against. Unlike many breeds that will repeatedly bite and release or that can be fought off once an attack begins; this is not the case with the Spanish Alano. When attacking its prey it will totally ignore pain or fear and grasp and hold its prey regardless of the size, nature or aggressiveness of its adversary, not releasing until it is given the order to do so by its master. It is known to fight wild boars or bulls to the end of its own life for the sake of following its master’s orders. For this same reason it is recommended that only experienced, responsible and stable individuals choose to own this breed. In many ways it can be a bit like owning a guided missile, as the Alano Espanol will just as vigorously attack a human on his master’s command.
The Alano Espanol generally gets along well with other dogs in the same household, thanks to its historical use as part of a team that included other breeds and dogs of both sexes. However, it does have a tendency to try and dominate other dogs of the same sex. This means that pairings of same-sex dogs in a household should be supervised to prevent any potential injury. If one dog refuses to submit, a fight may occur as they try to establish their roles within the pack hierarchy. In households where the dogs have grown up together, problems are generally rare, as they are more likely to have established a stable dynamic.
An intelligent dog with superior skills as a working dog it is the perfect combination of functionality, beauty, strength and undying devotion to its master. Its natural intelligence means that the Alano Espanol is quick to pick up on new concepts and ideas, so training needs to be kept fun and entertaining or the dog will quickly become bored. The overall objective of training this breed is always that of being able to establish and maintain the human’s role as Alpha or pack leader.
Although its history is a violent one that involves use as a hunter, cattle management dog and war dog it integrates seamlessly into today’s society making an excellent family companion and protector of the home. Typically mastiff, he is quiet and reserved in the home, never underfoot and giving the impression that you don’t even own a dog. Another positive is that unlike many mastiff or bulldog breeds, the Alano Espanol is not known to be a drooler. On outings or during play this breeds endless stamina will make it seem as though it will never tire. Exceptionally athletic for a dog of its size it can climb trees with cat like agility and leap to great heights from a stationary position.
It is noted that this breed can be rather difficult to housebreak, which may mean that it may be best kept as an outside dog to prevent damage to furniture through unwanted territorial marking indoors.
GROOMING REQUIREMENTS:
Since the Alano Espanol has short hair and lacks any noticeable undercoat it only requires minimal grooming. An average shedder, the occasional brushing would help to reduce this while also distributing the natural oils of the skin keeping the coat shiny. The Spanish Alano is one of the few breeds of molossers that does not slobber and drool excessively, which helps to keep it and its area clean. Bathing for this breed should only be done as necessary to remove dirt and grime as it also removes remove the natural oils of the skin which can lead to dry skin, itching and scratching.
HEALTH ISSUES:
The Alano Espanol is known to be a strong and healthy breed, and there are no widely recognized congenital health defects specific to the breed. However, like many large dog breeds, it is recommended to ensure that the parents are tested for conditions such as hip dysplasia, which can be hereditary and affect larger dogs. Additionally, while not as common, bloat or gastric torsion can be a concern for large breeds, including the Alano Espanol, and owners should be aware of the risks and take preventive measures when caring for the breed. Regular checkups and responsible breeding practices can help mitigate these potential health concerns.
